Neurodegenerative disorders. These illustrations are related to diseases that mainly affect the neurons of the human brain. We know that neurons are the fundamental components of the nervous system, which is composed of the brain and spinal cord. Normally, neurons do not reproduce or replace themselves when they are damaged. These neurodegenerative diseases are incurable and debilitating conditions caused by the progressive death of neurons in different regions of the brain and nervous system.
In these medical illustrations of neurodegenerative disorders, we can see how they affect various activities of the human body, such as balance, movement, speech, breathing, and heart function. Many of these diseases are genetic. This progressive loss of nerve cells and neurons in specific areas of the brain is what ultimately affects the proper functioning of the nervous system and behavior.
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Parkinson’s disease
In these illustrations, Parkinson’s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects the motor system. This disease is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brainstem, where dopamine is produced. Dopamine is an essential neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the coordination and control of movement. The loss of these neurons leads to a deficiency of dopamine, which causes the motor symptoms characteristic of this disease.
The most common symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include resting tremors, muscle rigidity, slow movements, and balance problems. In addition, non-motor symptoms such as sleep disturbances, cognitive problems, and mood changes may also occur. These alterations may vary from person to person.
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Alterations of Alzheimer’s disease
In the illustrations on Alzheimer’s disorders, we will observe images associated with this neurodegenerative disease that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. In the initial stages, it manifests with forgetfulness and mild cognitive difficulties, but gradually progresses, impacting the ability to carry out daily activities.
It is characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain. Risk factors include advanced age and genetics. Although there is no cure, symptoms are managed through medication and specialized care. Emotional support for patients and caregivers is crucial. Research continues to better understand and find more effective treatments for this challenging condition.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. It is characterized by progressive loss of muscle function, weakness, and atrophy. ALS usually leads to the inability to move, speak, swallow, and, ultimately, death due to respiratory problems.
Scoliosis is another neurodegenerative disease. It is the deformity of the spine that involves an abnormal lateral curvature. The curve can be mild or severe, causing postural problems, pain, and limitations in mobility.
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There are more than 100 neurodegenerative diseases described. These medical illustrations focus on some of the best-known: Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, and multiple sclerosis, to name a few examples. Dementias cause the greatest burden of this disease, with Alzheimer’s disease accounting for approximately 60-70% of cases.
