Diabetes mellitus, chronic disease.
Diabetes mellitus is caused when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body does not use insulin effectively. Insulin is a hormone regulating blood sugar. Uncontrolled diabetes is called hyperglycemia (it means increased blood sugar). In addition over time it is severely damaging many organs of the systems, especially nerves and blood vessels.
Insulin is the primary regulator of blood glucose concentration. Glucose is a simple sugar. When you consume the foods your body degrades it in small particles, among them, the glucose. Glucose enters the bloodstream to fulfill its primary function to provide energy to the body.
In addition it is a hormone that allows the cells the necessary contribution of glucose for the processes of energy expenditure. Its function is to promote the incorporation of glucose from the blood into the cells. Hence the insulin released by the beta cells of the pancreas when the blood glucose level is high.
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (most commonly in children and adolescents). It is characterized by poor insulin production and requires the daily administration of this hormone. This is because the pancreas cells that produce the insulin needed to have normal activity. And daily injections of insulin are needed.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus Usually occurs in adulthood, but is also manifesting in children. In these cases it is due to an inefficient use of insulin. This type represents 90% of global cases. However this is largely due to physical inactivity and having an excessive body weight (Obesity).